'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎146] (201/905)

146
DISTRICT AND TOWN OF ER1VAN. [CHAP. VII.
Armenians, 12,951 Tartars, with about 2000 gipsies and
other nomadic tribes.
ErMn ariesof P 1 * 0 ™ 06 Erivan lies between 39° and 41° north
latitude. It has to the north, Elizabethpol, Shamshadil,
Kazakh, and Bambak-Shuragel; to the east, Karabagh and
Nakhchivan ; to the west, the Turkish territories of Kazikh-
man and Kars ; and to the south, the river Araxes.
dimate and southern part of this province is intersected by branches
from Mount Ararat; and in the northern part are the peaks
of Ala-ghez, Barate, Maraldji, Tagh-Natchakh, Soukh-bou-
lakh One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees , 1 &c.; but near the Araxes there is an extensive plain.
Between the Araxes and Ararat the country is marshy, and
again, in other places, clayey; but the greatest part of it con
sists of a rich black earth. There is one lake, that of
Ghokhcha, or Sevangha, which is 30 miles long and 12^ miles
broad, and 1000 feet above the sea: it is full of trout, and it
never freezes 2 Besides the border river (Araxes), the pro
vince is watered by the southern Kara-su, the Zanghu (the
ancient Zanghes), the northern Kara-su, the Abarane, and
the great Arpah-chai. 3 In the elevated magals, the cold is
severe during winter, and in summer the heat of the plains is
almost insupportable. The ordinary animal and vegetable
productions abound in this province, and it contains 508
flourishing villages. 4
ErivL! f Tlle ca P ital stands about six miles northward of the foot of
Mount Ararat, and on the banks of the Zengia, a consider
able river that flows from lake Ghokhcha to the Aras. There
are five mosques, five Armenian churches, several karvanse-
rai's, and 2750 clay-built houses, partly within the fortifica
tions, which crown the summit of the hill, and inclose the
palace of Sardar Leader of a tribe or a polity; also refers to a military rank or title given to a commander of an army or division. , with the houses of the public functionaries.
Erivan has a considerable circumference; but as a part of
the area of the hill is occupied with productive vineyards and
fine gardens, the population scarcely exceeds 10,000 5 persons.
1 Aperiju, &c., Tome IV., p. 253 to 255.
8 Ibid., p. 255 to 258. 3 Ibid
4 Ibid., p. 288 to 296.
In 1834 there were 5900 males, and the females one-fifth less.—Ibid.