'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎110] (159/905)

110
EXPORTS, REVENUE, EXPENDITURE. [CHAP. VI.
horses, 1 pearls, coral, honey, dates, cotton, silk, tobacco, gall-
nuts, wool, bitumen, naphtha, saltpetre, salt, coarse coloured
cottons, fine handkerchiefs, and other manufactures of a
country enjoying advantages which will eventually make its
commerce more important than that of Egypt.
The revenue is derived from a tax on transit goods.
Dollars.
Naphtha, &c., is understood to produce . . 3^ millions
From dates, cotton, house-rent, &c. . • I2 »
From wheat, barley, and other grains, exclusive]
of the produce of the lands farmed chiefly f 4 „
near Baghdad and Hillah . . . '
And from the proportion taken by the pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ,! ^
being one-tenth of the animals reared . J * "
Total . 121
As the inferior establishments at 'Anah, Hit, Hillah,
Mosul, Rowanduz, andKurnah, are chiefly maintained by local
contributions, the disbursements are confined almost exclu
sively to Baghdad itself. They consist of the expenses of the
pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. s followers, presents, salaries of state officers, together
with the maintenance of about 5000 troops, organized after
the European model, and the fixed revenue paid to the sultan.
Besides these expenses, considerable sums of money are
privately distributed, in order to secure the allegiance of some
of the sheikhs ; 2 and subsidies are paid to all chiefs from whom
any service is required. There is, however, in peaceable times,
a considerable surplus, which must be consumed when the
Arab tribes are called out; and it is understood that nearly
100,000 men may be assembled on due notice being given,
provided the necessary payments are previously made to the
chiefs. 3
1 As many as 500 high-bred horses are annually sent to India.
2 The details regarding the revenue and expenditure of Baghdad were fur
nished in 1831, by one of the Europeans who had been in charge of the grana
ries and books.
3 Previously to his march in order to assist in the defence of, Baghdad, the
Montefik sheik received a present from UaVd PdsM of 10,000^.