'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎96] (145/905)

96
PRESENT STATE OF THE KINGDOM.
[CHAP. V.
general contour of the whole, as was done with respect to the
Limits of Greater, or, geographically speaking, eastern Armenia. Near
Armenia. Gdmish Khanah the line of separation between the two
Armenias is the Kof-Tagh range already alluded to. This
chain continues to be the northern boundary of Lesser
Armenia, as it runs westward almost parallel to the Black
Sea, till it reaches the river Halys, at a point not very distant
from its estuary. From hence it runs S.W. along the river
for about 180 miles and onward in the same direction till it
meets the Taurus, 1 which becomes the boundary almost to the
sea near Ayas. 2 Afterwards, the line sweeps round the south
side of 'Ainzarbah 3 and Mar'ash, to the Euphrates at Siimeisat;
and incloses a superficies of 70)778 square miles. According
to the royal historian, 4 Armenia Minor for a brief period
extended to the borders of Palestine, and one of its princes
had the seat of his government at Bum Kal'ah. The cele
brated and once-powerful kingdom of Armenia is now broken
into four districts, each of which is under a separate dominion.
Present sub- The largest portion is that bordering upon the upper Eu-
Armenia. 0f phrates, which includes the northern part of Diyar Bekr, with
Mush, Van, and the pashalic of Erz-rum, and is subject to the
Sultan. The next is that under the dominion of Persia, and
extends over a part of Kurdistan and nearly the whole of
Azerbaijan. The third is the independent territory of the
Chaldeans, which lies S.S.E. of Lake Van, and N.N.E. of
Miisul. And the fourth is the district of Envan, or that part
of ancient Armenia which belongs to Eussia, and stretches
along the river Aras.
The elevated plateau at the foot of Mount Ararat, which
contains the sources of the rivers Araxes, Phasis, Halys,
Chorula, Tigris, and Euphrates, has already been noticed as
1 At a point about 60 miles westward of Koniyeh.
2 " On the sea-coast," says Marco Polo, " the Armenians had a port,
Giazzo, frequented by the merchants of Venice." This was on the north
side of the Gulf of Iskenderun, the present Ayds.
3 'Am-zarbah and Sis were alternately the chief cities of Armenia Minor,
and at an earlier time Massis, or Messis, the ancient Mopsuesta, was the
capital.—Page 41, Marsden's Marco Polo.
4 Haiton.