'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎9] (52/905)

CHAP, ij ITS COURSE AND TRIBUTARIES.
9
the territory of Erivan from the district at the foot of that
mountain. It receives on the right side, in this part of its
course, the southern Kara su, which comes by a north-easterly The Kara su
bourse from the same district, and the Ajl-chai, also from tributary -
the south; whilst on the opposite, or northern side, it is joined
by the Zanghou, the small Arpah-chai, the northern Kara
su, the Abaran, and, at the northern extremity of Nakh-
chivan, 1 by the great Arpah-chai, which forms the western
limits of the province.
Being thus augmented, it flows round the southern border
of Nakhchivan, for nearly a distance of 38 miles, to the
fortress of Abbas abad; and here it receives a third Arpah-
chai, in addition to two other streams, viz. the Nakhchivan-
chai and the Atendja-chai. 2
As the country is here moderately level, the course of the
Araxes continues to be tranquil as far as the village of Djulfa,
where it enters a rocky defile extending about 14 miles ; and,
having forced its way over a succession of cataracts, it finally
enters the level country with a noise which is heard at the
distance of an English mile. The Aras now bends to the
N.E. for a distance of about 35 miles, along the district of
Urd-abad, where it is augmented by the Ghilan-chai, the
Oustoukon-chai, the Nenate-chai, the Ailisse-chai, and,
finally, the Urd-abad-chai. 3
In quitting the latter district the course of the Aras
becomes much more tortuous, and it takes the general direc
tion of N.E. between the provinces of Karabagh and Kara
Tagh, till it enters the extensive plain of Moghan. A few The southern
miles short of this tract it is joined, on the southern side, by ^ ara ?u "
a considerable tributary, formed by two branches, viz. the
Kara su, coming N.N.W. from the mountains of Ghilan,
and the Adhar, which falls into the former branch a few
miles before it enters the Araxes, after a lengthened course
1 Aperfju des Possessions Russes au-dela du Caucase, sous le Rapport statis-
tlque, ethnographique, topographique, et financier; execute et public avec le
consentement supreme. St. Petersbourg, 1836, 4 volumes en 8°, avec une
Carte. Tome IV., p. 303.
2 Ibid., p. 352. s Ibid.
VOL. I. 0