"دليل بلاد فارس، المجلد I ويشمل محافظات أستراباد، شاهرود-بوستان، خراسان، وسيستان" [و‎‎٢‎٧‎٦] (٧٢٢/٥٥٨)

the arms, and is issued to the soldiers on occasions of ceremony, after
which it is again returned.
On service, soldiers are provided with tents. Barracks specially con
structed are scarcely ever provided.
The annual pay of officers is nominally as follows:
Tumans.
General, 1st class (amir-i-tumaii) ... ... 2,000
General, 2nd class (amir-i-fauj) ... ... 1,500
General, 3rd class ... ... 1,000
Colonel ... ... 500
Major (no lieutenant-colonel ! ) ... ... 150 to 200
Captain ... ... 80
Lieutenant ... ... 50
St. John says :
A sarhang gets 500 tumans a year : yawars, equivalent to our majors,
150; sultans, 00 ; naibs, or lieutenants, dO; and sub-lieutenants, 00,—a
tuman being worth about 8 shillings. Each medal gives, right to addi
tional pay at the rate of 10 tumans to a sultan, 5 to a naib, and 2 to a
private soldier.
According to Thomson :
The maximum pay an officer is to receive is stated in his commission;
but it is purely nominal. Each year a paper is made out, either by the
minister of war or the governor of the province in which the regiment
is serving, stating the sum each officer is to receive, of which amount 20
per cent, is retained.
The annual pay of non-commissioned officers and soldiers is 7 tumans,
or 28 rupees. In addition, non-commissioned officers receive a monthly
pay of 5 krans (2 rupees) ; soldiers, 4 krans.
For economy^ sake, regiments are usually on service one year, and on
leave the next. While on leave their pay is reduced one-kah", and must be
provided by the district in which they were raised.
Few of the generals receive full pay; but gifts to the minister may
secure an increase. When a regiment is ordered on service, which is always
outside of its district, the government provides the soldiers with^a uniform,
valued at 15 krans. Sometimes a money allowance is paid to the colonel,
who then supplies the clothes. _
General remarks .—The soldier, who is too poor to escape the drait, euys
his time from his officers, and frequently remains at home, when lie is
supposed to be in the ranks on the distant frontier. Even when with
his regiment, by relinquishing his pay, he may ply his trade, or free.v
engage in commercial pursuits.
Soldiers are ordinarily small money-lenders. They club together and
establish banks in bazar, &c. They lend for short periods, and smail
loans. Interest varies from 120 to 500 per cent, per annum.
Cavalry soldiers frequently hire out their horses or donkeys, and become
the carriers of the country. . . , ,
It is not uncommon to see workmen (when a review is ordered at
Tihran) drop their tools, don their uniforms, and take their places in the
ranks. The duty completed, they return their clothing and muskets to the
depot, and again resume work. These irregularities are connived at by
tliG officers.
To avoid the danger of false musters, the soldier who is permanently
absent is replaced by a substitute, who serves at a lower price, io enable