"دليل بلاد فارس، المجلد I ويشمل محافظات أستراباد، شاهرود-بوستان، خراسان، وسيستان" [ظ‎‎١‎٩‎٥] (٧٢٢/٣٩٥)

344
General description
of the boundaries.
PASKAMAR—
A halting-place in the Ataks on the Khurasan border, 22 miles south of
Mashhad, and 15 miles from Akdarband.— {Thomson)
PATEMKIN, or MIAN KALI—
See “Astarabad Bay/"’
PATHANDAZ, or PATHANJtf—L at. 34° 21' 0", Long. 58° 22' 30" •
Elev. 7 [St. John).
A village in Khurasan, on the road from Kakh to Bajistan, containing some
105 houses, some gardens, and abundant spring water. It is in the Kakh
subdivision of Tabas.— {Belleio.)
PERSIA —Between approximately Lat. 25° 10' 0" and 39° 46' 0", Long
44° 0' 0" and 63° 20' 0"; Elev.
The Frontiers of Persia, and general description.
Modern Persia occupies the western and larger half of the great
Extent of the empire. elevat ed plateau, rising between the valleys of the
Indus and the Tigris.
At the present moment the Aras, the Caspian, and the Kara Su, denote a
northern limit vaguely prolonged towards the Oxus, but
including Sarakhs. The Persian Gulf and Arabian
Sea still form the line on the south. West are the
Kurdistan mountains, dividing Persia from Turkey ; and in the east is an
irregular but in all parts well-defined frontier, commencing west of Herat,
passing between the Persian province of Kain and the Afghan districts of
Lash and Juvain, abruptly turning below the latter to the Helmand, and
leaving the river in an oblique south-westerly direction, to follow the
foot of the Baluchistan range to Talk, in long. 62° 38' east; after
enclosing which place, it makes a semi-curve to the west, and traversing
Makran nearly south, touches the sea in long. 61° 33'.
By the treaty of Turkmanchai concluded between the Russians and
Persians in 1828, the frontier line between those two countries was fixed
as follows :—■
Prom the mouth of the Astara in the Caspian Sea, it ascends the courses
of that river to the heights of Jfku ; thence to the source
of the Adina Bazar, which it descends to its coniluence
with the LavakamsM. Continuing thence to a point 14
miles down-stream on the left bank of the river Bolgard,
it crosses the plain of Megan in a straight line to a point
on the Araxes, 14 miles below the ford of Yedi-Bulak; whence it ascends
the river to near the fortress of Abbasabad, round the outworks of which
place it passes at a distance of two-and-a-third miles, until it again meets
the Araxes. Prom this point the line continually ascends the Araxes up
to the confluence of the lower Kara Su (opposite Cherar), which in its turn
it follows to its source. Ascending thence to the summit of the lesser
Ararat, it ends at the nearest point of Turkish territory.
The Turko-Persian boundary commences on mount Ararat (a few miles
east of Bayazid) ; thence, passing 20 miles to the west
frontier. °5 Urmia, runs to a point 15 miles N.N.W. of
Kizil Rubat; thence by a curving line to the Kabir Kuh
or Great Mountain, a part of the Zagros range, which forms the western
boundary of Luristan. Continuing along the range to Muhammarah,
The Russo-Persian
frontier west of the
Caspian as fixed by
the treaty of Turk-
manchai.