"دليل بلاد فارس، المجلد I ويشمل محافظات أستراباد، شاهرود-بوستان، خراسان، وسيستان" [و‎‎١‎٠‎٣] (٧٢٢/٢١٠)

marksmen. It has been found so difficult to control them from Astarabad
that they are now handed over to the tender mercies of the chief of
Bujnurd, who is able to reach them if necessary.— [Napier.)
HAJl MAMED—Lat. , LoxNg. ; Elev. y
A ruined village in Northern Khurasan in the plain north of the natural
oitiess of Ivalat-i-Nadin. In the year 1878 crops were raised here by the
lurkmans of Merv, who rendered to the governor of Kalat one chakdr
ot grain out of every seven gathered ; otherwise the Khan would have de
stroyed the harvest. About 30 families of Aleilis from Kahka in the
vicinity are in the habit of sowing crops here also .—(Petrmevitch )
HAJlNAKI.
A caravanserai in Astarabad.— (Kazi Say pad Ahmed.)
HAJl SHANA— Lat. , Lovg. • Elev. '
A village in Khurasan, 8 miles from Turbat-i-Hafdari, on the road to Mash-
liad.— (liozano.)
HAJl ZAR— Lat. Long. • Elev '
See Sangar. 5
HAKMABAD— Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A village in Northern Khurasan, 17| miles south-east of Kamaistan in the
Jagatai Juvain valley, on the road from Mazinan to Mshapur.— [Napier.)
LAKNABAD— Lat. , Long. • Elev.
A village in Khurasan on the road between Bashruyah and Abasabad.—
[Stewart.)
HAKWARDI— Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A village in the district of Daraghaz, in Kurdish Khurasan, 4 miles from
Muhammadabad. It is surrounded by vineyards and fruit gardens
[Stewart.) b ’
HALAA I— Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A village in the Gunabad HluJc of the Tabbas district of Khurasan on
the road to Khaf.— [MacGregor.)
HAMTjN —Lat. , Long. ; Elev.' V
This is the name given to the bed of the famous lake of Sfstan, now dry,
the surface of which is on the edges closely set with reeds, succeeded by
widely-spread skeletons of tamarisk and stumps of camel grass, while the
intervening spaces are hoary from calcareous and saline deposits. The
northern border of the Hamuns forms the boundary between Sfstan and
Juvain. The lake describes an oval cordon lying obliquely across the
south-west and north-east quarters of the compass. It measures about 70
miles in circumference, and about 10 miles across in its narrowest parts.
It is fed by four large rivers—the Helmand, the Kash-Rud, the Farah-Rud,
and the Hari-Rud. The Helmand emanates from the Kuh-i-Safed in Af
ghanistan, and courses up from south to south-east and east to be joined by
the tributary stream, the Kash-Rud, about the town of Chakan Lur; and
then winds north and empties itself into the great lake. The Farah-Rud
comes from the l£uh-i-Siali in the north on the Herat side, and flows down
north-west to be joined by the Hari-Rud.; then opens into the great lake
about the Kuh-i-Kuch, an elevation situated on the north-west confines
of the lake. Notwithstanding these four great feeders, the water has been
steadily decreasing, and in 1.868 it completely dried up, which must partly