"دليل بلاد فارس، المجلد I ويشمل محافظات أستراباد، شاهرود-بوستان، خراسان، وسيستان" [و‎‎١‎٧] (٧٢٢/٣٨)

Prom Knelian to the Atak there are two passes—-one by Aughaz, said
to be very easy, and the other by the Dawand pass, a line nearly as good as
that by Naudih, but attaining a greater elevation, and consequently more
liable to be closed in winter; that portion of it also lying across the high
plateau is much exposed.
From Kuchan east there are no passes that can be considered practicable
for wheel carriages, or that could be rendered so with any amount of labour at
short notice.
’With the Nardm or Naudih and the Gurgan pass held, a force march
ing eastward from the sea would be compelled to make a march of some days
northward from the Atrak through a waterless country to turn the Atak
chain, and thence to march 355 miles through a country producing barely
enough to support the present nomadic population to Ak-Darband, whence
the country south and east for a great distance is uninhabited, insufficiently
watered, and very rough. The detour would add most materially to the
distance to be traversed, and would double the difficulties of supplies and
communication.
The Alburz mountains are said to abound in mineral wealth, particularly
in coal, lead, and iron. Coal is found in two places within 30 miles of
Tehran, while the whole of the Alburz may be regarded as a tine fuel district.
A lecture by Colonel Lovett, c.s.t., at the Royal Geographical Society,
in January 1883, shows clearly what has been done in regard to the survey
of the Alburz, and what remains for future surveyoi's to accomplish.— [Todd,
Fraser, Chesney, Clerk, Napier, Lovett.)
ALDAN G — Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A village in the Alghur division of the Ghain district of Khurasan.—-
{Bellew.)
A LEI LI.
A section of the Turkman tribe inhabiting a tract south of that below
the Akhals, and on the frontiers of Daraghaz and Kalat in Khurasan A
large settlement of them, consisting of some 800 dwellings, is north of the
river of Haji Mamed (Aliabad) and about Kahka. They have hitherto
paid tithes regulai’lv to the Persian Government, and looked to the author
ities at Kalat for protection against raids.— {Stephen.)
ALGHtTR, or ALKUR—Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A town in the district of Kain, Khurasan, and the chief town of the
Alghur buluk or subdivision. It is said to contain 300 houses.— {Bellew.)
ALGHtFR, or ALKtlR— Lat. , Long. ; Elev.
A luluk or division in the district of Kain, Khurasan, situated north of
Birjand. It is said to contain upwards of 300 villages and hamlets and
farmsteads (mazra) scattered about in nooks and dells amongst the hills.
Arwi and Zarwi are amongst the largest of the villages. Bellew's report
gives the names of foi’ty of {Bellew.)
ALGHftR— Lat , Long. ; Elev.
A range of mountains in the district of Kam, Khurasan, having an ele
vation of some 12,000 feet above the sea. It lies above the village of Ghibk,
which is itself 8,600 feet above the sea. To the north of this it is called
che Saghi, and to the south the Saman Shahi range. The Alghur range
gives its name to one of the principal buiuks or divisions of the Kain
district.— {Bellew.)