"قاموس، فارسي، عربي، إنجليزي، مع أطروحة عن لغات أمم المشرق وآدابها وعاداتها" [و‎‎٥‎٠] (١٨٢٦/١٠٤)

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The mode of denoting 1 the pronunciation in Roman letters, adopted in the last edition, has been retained in the present,
omitting merely the dots used with these characters, to mark their peculiarities, as such discriminative marks did not seem
absolutely requisite in a work, in which the words are also printed in the original character.
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yl, t, m, short (as sounded in “America,” “ fit,” “bush,”) are used as initials to express the powers of M 1 respectively; and,
asmedialsor finals, of ^ ^ . Examples,agar, If; ishkil. Imposture; ushtur, A camel.
(i long (as sounded in “ father,” and in Persian words somewhat broader, approaching to the sound of “ a” in water’ )
is used as an initial to express the power of ! , and as a medial or final of \ preceded by its homogeneal character , the two
coalescing forming one long vowel. Example, I aftab^ The sun.
i long (as sounded in “ field ”) is used as an initial to express the power of a silent ^ preceded by 1 ; and, as a medial or
final, of a silent ^ following ^ where, in both cases, the two characters, being homogeneal, coalesce, and form one long
✓ O ^ Op
vowel. Examples, Isid inju^ Here; gardidan, To turn.
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u long (as sounded in c< rude ”) is used as an initial to express the power of a silentj after 1 ; and, as a medial and final, of a
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silent j following its homogeneal character ’ , in both instances the two uniting form one long vowel. Example, ^ ulu. Lords,
masters.
b long (as sounded in “ note ”) and e long (as sounded in “ there ”) are used for j and ^ when distinguished by the tei m
pdrst, Persian, or Jyfsr* majhul, Unknown; which terms are used in contradistinction to tdzlj Arabic, or
ma^rufy Known, applied to j and ^ when pronounced in the common way. Examples, b, He; jjj roz. Day;
eshdiiy They; j+Z* sher, A lion.*
o short and e short are used when ^ and ^ are directed to be so pronounced by the term ^Joparsi or viajhul. Examples,
C, 9
<U belly Good ; dokhtai'y Daughter. As initials they are seldom found.
w stands for a quiescent * preceded by a heterogeneal vowel; and also for the same letter opening upon a vowel. Examples,
laiohy A table, plank; walady A son; mlayaty A country; wuknaty A nest.
y stands for a quiescent preceded by a heterogeneal vowel, and for an open cf followed by a vowel. Examples,
bayty A house; ^ Yaman, Arabia Felix; y-J yusr. Prosperity.
a’ stands for ^ final, when to be pronounced as 1, as is often the case in Arabic words. Example, zikra' > , Remembrance.
’ is used to shew, that a letter, though written, is not pronounced. Examples, kV as tally To wish ; kh y ush>
Pleasant; kh’esh, Self.
b is used for .
P V
t i and L .
and p .
J Z. *
ch •••••• •
h ^ an( l x • s as the final of Persian words is mostly silent, as the h in “ Messiah.”
Jch •••%••
* In the earlier stages of this work, the former edition was looked up to as sufficient authority for retaining the majhvl sound of 5 in the words ru and uijj
rU y . but , after some progress had been made, it was perceived that the lexicographers of India, who alone appear to use the majhul in other words, have, m
these two instances, invariably retained the ma t ruf. It would have considerably retarded the appearance of a book much wanted, if the first sheets uu.
been cancelled in order to correct the oversight; the student is therefore requested to substitute the malruf for the majhul in these words, wherever c>
occur, in the commencement of this work.
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