ملاحظات أُعدت كمرجع خلال جولة كرزون في الخليج الفارسي، وأوراق أخرى عن بلاد فارس والخليج الفارسي [و‎‎٢‎٦‎٠] (٦٧٨/٥١٩)

3
^3(
Transport Animals
available for Hire.
Resources of Grain (ordinary average
years considered).
Name of District.
Camels.
Mules
and
Ponies.
Deficiency or Surplus to the
Requirements of the
Population.
Remarks.
No.
No.
Persian Kharwars
(650 lbs. each).
Indian Maunds
(82 lbs. each).
Shahrud-Bostan
2,000
1,000
Deficiency, 2,000
kharwars
or 75,853 maunds
This deficiency is imported from Bujnurd,
Kush Ailak, and Damghan.
Damghan .. • •
3,000
400
Surplus, 4,000
kharwars
or 31,700 maunds
This surplus is exported to Semnan, Shahrud,
and Yezd.
Semnan •. ..
500
Deficiency, 2,000
kharwars
or 15,853 maunds
This deficiency is imported from Khar and
Damghan;
Notes.
1 The number of transport animals is derived from information furnished by Persian officials in the districts concerned.
2. The figures given under the head “ Annual Revenue ” have been obtained from the official revenue papers for the year 1889-90,
since when there has been no change in the revenue. , r, >>
3 The figures given under the head “ Annual Out-turn ” are based on figures given under the head Annual Revenue, wmcn
(Annual Revenue) represents one-eighth of the total out-turn in all districts, with the exception of a few, when the proportion is
different The number ofploughs generally forms the basis of the assessment of revenue in Khorassan. The out-turn of one plough, though
varying at different places, is, on the average, 20 kharwars per annum, and the average rate of revenue levied by Government annually
on each plough is 41 tomans in cash, 21 kharwars of chopped straw, and 2) kharwars of grain m kind. The total out-turn is therefore
eight times the revenue grain in all districts in Khorassan, except Deregez, Kam, Khusf, and Tabas ; where the whole revenue is
levied in cash • Sarakhs, where the revenue is remitted; and Jowain, Bam, and Safiabad, where the rate is different, the greater part ot
the revenue there also being received in cash. In Seistan the whole of the land revenue is levied in kind, and represents one-third ot
the t ° tal T °^ t ^™ e “ f g ? r g“ under the heads u R equ i r ed for Consumption of People ” and “ Excess for Export” are approximate, native
sources of information having mainly to be relied upon. The excess is probably under, not over, the true figures.
5 Th° quantity of grain exported to Russian territory (Trans-Caspia) is estimated at 40,000 kharwars, or 317,0/0 Indian
maunds, il, 4,000 kharwars from Bujnurd, 30,000 from Kuchan, 5,000 from Deregez, and 1,000 from Sarakhs. ,
6. The best season for procuring supplies is the end of summer. In January less than half the quantity is procurable. Kuc a
and Shirwan are the main depots for exports to Trans-Caspia, the business being systematically conducted by Armenians employed by
capitalists in Russia. The agents advance money to the peasants, collect their gram after the harvest, store it at the depots, and export
when the Trans-Caspian market is favourable.
The GrainTraffic of iiAorassnn.—The long-distance carriage of gram m Khorassan depends mainly—
(a.) On the demands made by Trans-Caspia;
(S.) The requirements of Meshed;
(c.) The necessity for stocking the Tehran pilgrim route between Sebzewar and Shahrud;
\d.) And in a lesser degree on the deficiency in the food supplies of Jajarm, Shahrud, Bostan, Semnan, and Yezd.
(a.) Trans-Caspia imports from Kuchan, Bujnurd, and Deregez. _
(A) Meshed (and its requirements are heavy) from Kuchan, Nishabur, and the districts east of Meshed.
(e.) The Tehran pilgrim route from Bujnurd, Isfarain, and Nishabur. , „ . ,
\d) Jajarm, Shahrud-Bostan : from Bujnurd, Isfarain, and the Goklan country; Semnan from Damghan; Yezd from Bujnur
aIld ThusAhe grain producing centres being (in the order of importance) Kuchan, Bujnurd, Isferain, Chinaran, Deregez, and Radkan.
Supplies necessarUy radiate therefrom to the surrounding less favoured districts, producing thereby several great currents of graia
traffic, one north to Trans-Caspia, another east to Meshed, a third south to the pilgrim route, a fourth south-west to Shahrud, with its
two branches to Semnan and Yezd. _ ... • t ,i,„ „
Trans-Caspia takes the largest share of the surplus, and its steady demand for cereals has given an enormous impetus to the gram
production of Khorassan. At present the surplus of Kuchan, Bujnurd, Isferain, Chinaran, Radkan, &c., is competed for by Trans-
Caspia and those districts in or adjoining Khorassan, where the out-turn of grain is insufficient for local requirements, but there is
little doubt Russia could obtain a much larger proportion of the surplus if she were prepared to pay the price.
The introduction of cotton has not yet materially affected the cultivation of gram. In Kuchan and Bujnurd the climate has been
found unsuitable, and in those districts where its cultivation is regarded more favourably, in Deregez and Nishabur for instance, th
development has not progressed at the expense of the grain crop. It would seem, indeed, that a greater area of land has been placed
under the plough, not that cotton has ousted the wheat and barley.
September 4i, 1896.
(Signed) H. P. PXCOT, Lieutenant-Colonel,
Military Attache', Persia.