"دليل كرمانشاه." [و‎‎١‎٢‎٩] (٥٠٤/٢٦٢)

167
A certain number of cows and oxen are bred in the province, but the
CovvSs Kermanshah peasantry have, however, to import
cows and oxen from Luristan. The nomads who
use cows and oxen, not only to plough their fields, but also to carry their
tents and belongings, seldom, if ever, part with them.
Beef in Kermanshah is good. Oxen, which refuse to carry the yoke, are
given over to the slaughter-house.
Herds of goats are to be found in the mountainous districts of Kerman-
Goatsi< shah ; goats' hair is used in the manufacture of
tents. Goat-skins are either dried for export to
Baghdad and Marseilles ; made up into coverings for ghi, or turned into
water skins or “ mashks/"’ of which every nomad family has at least two
or three.
Sheep are plentiful in the province of Kermanshah, and form part of the
gheep. wealth of the nomads. Wool is exported in large
quantities, and a considerable amount of ghi is
produced j but Governors usually prohibit the exportation of ghi to the
interior of Persia. This year's permits could be obtained by the payment of
60 krans per kharvar.
The Kurds of the mountains and province of Kermanshah, in a great
Cattle. degree, supply the Teheran, Hamadan, Korn and
Baghdad markets with sheep. To these places they
drive whole flocks destined for sale, but of late they prefer selling their
flocks in Turkey.
Guts —About 40 sheep and goats are killed daily in Kermanshah and,
during the pilgrim season, the number is sometimes as high as 140. In sum
mer, when the flocks of the lliyats (nomads) are near lion, for every three
goats, one sheep is killed, whilst in winter the proportion is the reverse.
Guts from goats are about 17 to 18 zars Tabrizi long, and sheep-guts are
from 24 to 30 zars long. The guts have to be cleaned and made into lengths
of 28 metres. 1,000 guts, which cost uncleaned from 9 to 20 tomans, give
about 700 cleaned and prepared guts, fetching 40 tomans. Until quite
recently guts were simply thrown away.
The amount of prepared guts, exported yearly from the province of
Kermanshah, is as follows :—
Number of guts.
From
To
Kermanshali ...
18,000
20,000
Sungor ...
5UO
700
Kangavar
700
800
Assadahad ...
800
900
In all from 20,000 to 22.400 guts, worth about 1,000 to 1,300
tomans.
Ghi, which is sold at from 4 to 6 krans at the beginning of spring, rises
to 10 or 12 krans in winter, and is usually bought up in summer by rich
people, to be sold in winter at famine prices.