"تقارير إدارة أقسام ومناطق الأراضي المحتلة في بلاد الرافدين لسنة ١٩١٨. المجلد I" [و‎‎٢‎٢‎٣] (٤٧٠/٤٥٠)

Shops. The following list shows number of shops in the three Municipalities: —
Wholesale Traders
Kifri.
Tuz Khurmatu.
Qarah Tap pah
General Detail
2
Merchants
25
16
31
7
Cloth Dealers -
32
6
Grocers
- 26
9
i
Barbers
- 11
4
2
Tinsmith
1
1
Watchmaker -
1
Dyers - - -
4
4
Tobacco Sellers
9
1
Carpenter
1
3
Saddler
_
1
Blacksmith
1
6
Cook Shops
3
1
Shoemakers
8
„
Tailors
4
117
76
17
5. Medical and Sanitation : Medical .—So long as the troops were inoccupation
of Kifri a civil dispensary—capable of being extended, should need arise, into a civil
hospital—was run with the assistance of a visiting M.O. and a whole-time British staff
from the local detachment of 39ih F.A. This arrangement proved of inestimable value
when an epidemic of cholera overtook the town in August and September, and the
inhabitants were grateful for its existence. The inhabitants were even persuaded by
the gravity of the epidemic to allow their water to be chlorinated, but regretted their
rashness when an epidemic of influenza followed, which all, without exception, put
down to the chlorination of the water. A fitful spurt of sanitary zeal prevailed
amongst the people while the cholera raged, but died off when the cholera
disappeared. When the last of the troops left Kifri the M.O. and staff of the civil
hospital also departed and the civil hospital has since been closed.
Sanitation .—Kifri was almost completely a military town during the hot
weather and town conservancy was completely military. During the stay of the
troops, 11 latrines and 8 incinerators were built. The latrines were of the tin
system. Very few people used them. A twelfth latrine was instituted, consisting
of a large yard with no particular receptacle for the excreta, but from which the
excreta were removed daily. This latrine was universally popular.
The incinerators are kept busily burning, but do not make any impression on
the vast piles of rubbish by their side. I am not sure that it would not be cheaper
and safer to bury it and oil the surface.
Remarks .—The military methods of sanitation cannot be applied to Arab or
Kurd villages unless there exists a large staff of British overseers and Indian
sweepers, When the British overseers and Indian sweepers are removed the
sanitation fails.
Tin latrines are worse than useless. Frequently cleaned pit latrines would
probably be safer.
6. Education. —In Turkish times there was a primary school at Tuz Khurmatu.
This was reopened in June and now contains between 40 and 50 pupils. The teachers
are apparently favourably regarded by the inhabitants.
In Kifri in Turkish times there were two schools, a primary (ibtidaiyah) and a
secondary (rashdiyab) school. The secondary school before the war had four
teachers and from 50 to 00 pupils. The primary school had 40 to 5C pupils and two
teachers.
The municipality and the Turkish Government had collected funds for the
building of a fine municipal school building. The building was not completed and
what part had been built was ruined by rain.
The four teachers of the rashdiyah school were sent to Baghdad for a course in
May and on their return in September the Kifri school was reopened. There are at
present only 30 odd pupils, the small number being due, it is said, to the unattract
iveness of the teachers. There is a great desire amongst the people for their
children to learn English.