"ملاحظات ميدانية: بلاد الرافدين. هيئة الأركان العامة في الهند. فبراير ١٩١٧". [ظ‎‎١‎١‎١] (٣٥٠/٢٢٩)

214
Route No. 22— concld .
level of the water, the route traverses a plain strewn with debris
of old buildings.
At mile 4 the Khatunlyah canal is crossed by a brick
bridge, and at mile 7 the Nil canal with similar bridge.
To mile 10, more debris, being the remains of the city of
Babylon, now represented only by the mud-walled village of
Kuwairish with about 300 inhabitants.
Between here and Hillah the principal canal crossed is the
Wardiyah from the Euphrates.
Hillah, an important town standing on both banks of the
Euphrates, the two parts being connected by a bridge of 15
boats. Town largely built of ancient bricks; population about
30.000 souls; well-built, brick barracks, large public buildings,
2.000 shops, water-supply from holes, about 3 feet deep, dug
in the (now dry) river bed. Estimated supplies (1908) : 400
tons of wheat, 600 tons of barley, 100 tons of rice, 1,000 oxen
and cows, 600 buffaloes, 300 horses, 1,000 donkeys, 50 mules,
700 camels, and 5,000 sheep.
Telegraph Office and Post Office.
Route No. 23.
From BAGHDAD to KARBALA.
61 miles . 3 stages .
Authorities .—Major Newmarch, March, 1905
Persian Gulf Gazetteer, 1908.
Epitome.
General Description .—The route here described is not a made
road; but in ordinary weather it is quite suitable for wheeled
transport, and is u£ed daily for such. As far as stage 2 the
road lies over level clay plains which are generally barren owing
to lack of irrigation. In the winter large caravans of camels,
and small ones of donkeys, are met with upon this road carry-