"استطلاعات في بلاد الرافدين وكردستان وشمال غرب بلاد فارس ولرستان في الفترة من أبريل إلى أكتوبر ١٨٨٨، كتبها المقدم ف. ر. مونسيل، فرع الاستخبارات. يوجد مجلدان. المجلد الأول: تقرير سردي ووصف للمدن الكبرى والطرق المؤدية منها. شيملا: فرع الاستخبارات، إدارة قائد الإمداد والتموين، ١٨٩٠" [ظ‎‎١‎٤‎٣] (٣١٢/٢٩١)

2 50
valley widens 3 miles to the
the Kuh-i-Musjid Mirza, with
To the east the hills become
By removing 1 the loose stones and a few boulders, a good track could be
formed.
At 6^ miles the road improves, and the
west. In a direction 245° is a peak called
a jagged rocky summit streaked with snow,
more rounded and lower.
The tall rank grass by the stream was being cut by the villagers for winter
fodder.
Darragawan Pass .—At miles reach a rounded col at the summit of
the Darragawan Pass (B^rO'). The principal mass of the Chahil Chashmah
bears 2thS°, and the summits are from 10,000 to 10,500 feet above sea level.
Descend steeply following a narrow stony ravine, and at 11^ miles pass
through Coar (TjlOO'), surrounded by a few poplars and a vineyard.
Shortly after emerged on a wide undulating plain, through which flow
several small streams in an easterly direction.
Kosuma .—At 16 miles reached a small grassy plateau called Kosuma
(T/lbS'), on which was a small camp of Kurds grazing their flocks.
Extending 10 miles to the east is the same undulating country, watered
by several streams, which unite to form the upper waters of the Kizil Uzen,
which discharges itself into the Caspian. In the Chahil Chashmah range
several important rivers rise, viz., Jaghatu, Khurkhura, Kizil Uzen, large
tributaries of the Diala and Lesser Zab and it is the highest knot of hills at
this part of the frontier.
Ghimzil .—Bearing 64°, and 11 miles off on a low range of hills is Ghizmil,
a village of 500 houses of Gerou Kurds. Bearing 113°, 125°, and 147°
respectively were three isolated conical peaks in the low range bordering the
plain behind the village.
Bearing 30° was the most eastern of the spurs of the Chahil Chashmah,
which then died away in some low hills.
Bearing 287° was a conical peak of the Kuh-i-Chahil Chashmah streaked
Verandah.
A
B
C G
D
A plan of the typical Kurdish tent is shown here, and
gives an idea of what the interior of the black blanket
tents of these nomads is like.
At one end is the diwankhana or verandah spread with
rugs and carpets and meant to receive visitors, &c.
A is the women’s apartment, B is for the children, C
is the kitchen with the oven dug in the ground, churn,
fireplace, &c.
D was occupied by the Shaikh’s son and his family.
E was occupied by eight calves and three lambs, too
young to be sent out grazing.
E is a manger and trough of mud, where the horses
stood.
G is where guns, saddles, &c.,are placed.
These sections inside the tent are partitioned off by strips of reed matting
woven with patterns in coloured worsteds. Kermanji is the only language
here, but is quite a different dialect from that spoken by the Hartoshi and
other Kurds farther north.
Good grazing is found by the small springs and streams.
9th. August.—General direction, S.S.E. Left camp (7,155'), and started
south-east over an undulating country, following a small stream, and at 9f
miles passed Eiraba (7,090 ), where we left the valley and ascended a flat spur
Door.