"استطلاعات في بلاد الرافدين وكردستان وشمال غرب بلاد فارس ولرستان في الفترة من أبريل إلى أكتوبر ١٨٨٨، كتبها المقدم ف. ر. مونسيل، فرع الاستخبارات. يوجد مجلدان. المجلد الأول: تقرير سردي ووصف للمدن الكبرى والطرق المؤدية منها. شيملا: فرع الاستخبارات، إدارة قائد الإمداد والتموين، ١٨٩٠" [ظ‎‎٦‎٥] (٣١٢/١٣٥)

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Koniatman {see Route VIII). From the foot of the pass to Erbil and
Mosul the country is easy over low gravel undulating hills. One road
leads direct to Mosul, crossing the Zab at Guirdamamish ferry, and
another makes a detour to the south through Erhil and the Kalak ferry.
Caravans take five days going the former route, the stages being—
Honrs.
(1) Koniatman ... ... ... ... ... 6
(2) Herir ... ... ... -... ... 8
(3) Guirdamamish... ... ... ... ... 5
(4) Matni ... ... ... ... 6
(5) Mosul ... ... ... ... ... 8
making a total of about 95 miles.
Several villages are passed, and supplies are plentiful. By the latter route
through Erbil the road is rougher and less used by caravans.
The stages are—
0
Miles.
(1) Kurrnk ... ... ... ... ... 14
(2) Herash ... ... ... ... ••• 12
(3) Erbil ... ... ... ... ... 30
(4) Kalak ... ... ... ... ... 21
(5) Mosul ... ... ... ... ... 33
making a total of 110 miles.
Jioute to Kid Sanjak .—This is three stages—
Hours.
(1) Gbalifan ... ... ... ... ... 6
(2) Balassan ... ... ... ../ ... 8
(3) Kui Sanjak ... ... ... ... ... 8
Total about 50 miles.
From Koniatman the road leads over some rough hilly country, easy for
mules (Route VIII).
Footpaths are said to lead over the Garak Dagh, but none practicable for
mules.
The following is a precis of the description by Ainsworth of the direct
route from Rawanduz to Mosul :
Rawanduz to Mosul.
3rd July 1840, 1st stage .—Left Rawanduz, passed the gardens of the town, and made a descent
into a deep valley with a gap through the limestone ridge into the bed of the Rawanduz river.
Then ascended 1| hours to the crest of the shoulder of Sir Hassan Beg (Garak Dagh).
The road then winds down the perpendicular face of the rock so gradually that it may be ridden
most of its length.
At the foot of the pass the road turns up the ravine of the Pir Hassan stream.
In some places vast slips had taken place, and huge masses of rock for a time hid the river
from sight; then we came upon a little open space with a base of sand or gravel, while at other
times the road was carried with difficulty under overhanging cliffs. At length we reached the open
plain, and bivouacked near the village of Pir Hassan (Ghalifan).
4th July, 2nd stage .—Enter an uninteresting country, consisting of the plains and undulating
district which extends between the outlying low ranges of hills of the Kurdistan mountains.
Pass the hills of Koniatman, wooded with oaks, and then a square castle called Kala Kin,
These hills led us to Herir plain, beyond which is the rocky range of limestone called Gharah Surgh.
Pass Anoma, and reach the banks of the Zab, where there is a ferry and two villages—one
on the left bank Kasroki ; that on the right Kendil, The ferry was a small skin raft.