"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [ظ‎‎٢‎٧‎١] (٧٣٨/٥٤٧)

536
GALILEE
termination of J. Mushaqqah (see p. 525), which here drops
abruptly to the plain of ‘Akka and the sea. The ‘ ras ’ is
261 ft. high and rises gradually, 3 miles eastward, to a round-
topped hill 1,070 ft. in elevation.
From Ras en-Naqurah to Ras el-Abyadh, direction NNE.,
the distance is 5| miles and between these points the moun
tains of Upper Galilee extend quite, or near, to the sea and end
in lofty white cliffs. Ras el-Abyadh itself, as the name
implies, is a strikingly bold headland of white rock forming the
northern end of the cliffs. From this point to Sur, 6|miles, the
coast forms a shallow bay, the shore of which consists in most
places of hard sand. The uniformity of this bay is broken
only at one point, near the middle, where W. ‘Ezziyeh projects
seaward. Sur (Tyre) is situated on what was formerly a small
islet but is now connected with the mainland by a sandy
isthmus, the peninsula jutting out about 1| mile beyond the
general line of the coast. Several low islets surrounded by
rocks and shoal water extend about a mile northward from
the town. With the exception of Beirut, Sur is one of the best
anchorages on the Syrian coast. Northward to the River
Qasimlyeh, the character of the coast is similar to the stretch
south of Sur ; the Qasimfyeh has a bar of sand across its
mouth in summer.
Geology
The mountain mass of Galilee is made up of stratified
limestone (senonian and Cenomanian) layers of varying
density and thickness. The region of Nazareth is senonian ;
but Upper Galilee, north of Safed, is mainly Cenomanian.
Almost without exception these formations weather rapidly
under rain and frost, and speedily disintegrate, while eaves,
produced by the wearing away of soft underlying layers of
limestone, are exceedingly common. At some spots near
J. el-Jermaq are deep natural well-like holes in the rock of
great depth, similar to the pot-holes found in England and
other parts of Europe. Fossils are scarce, but bands of flints
and spheroidal nodules of white quartz, varying in size from