"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [و‎‎٢‎٦‎٤] (٧٣٨/٥٣٢)

PHYSICAL FEATURES
521
of Kaukab el-Hawa (alt. 975 ft.); the southern part, (3), falls
in parallel terraces to the plain of Jezreel. The Kaukab is
crowned by the vast remains of a Crusader castle, and the
fall of about 1,890 ft. from the eastern wall of the fortress to
the Ghor at its foot is very precipitous, the edge of the plain
below being within the horizontal distance of a mile from the
overhanging summit. The soil of the Duhi plateau, and
especially of the Kaukab section, is of a rich crumbling vol
canic nature, very fertile, with an abundance of springs.
(6) The^ Nazareth Range begins much farther west than
the foregoing, and its southern base is marked by the northern
edge of the Esdraelon plain, beyond which, eastward, it is
followed by W. esh-Sherrar and W. el-Bireh. The range
forms the water-parting between wadis Malik and Fejjas
on tho north and the N. el-Muqatta £ and W. el-Bireh on
the south. The main crest of the range describes an arc
running first north-east and then bearing south-east and finally
south to terminate in the Qakah plateau (alt. 1,179 ft.), at
the junction of W. el-Bireh with the Gh5r ; it has gentle slopes
on the north and falls gradually towards the west. The
highest points of the range are Nebi Sa m (1,602 ft.) and J.
es-Sih (1,838 ft.). Like J. Duhi, this range also has a triple
division. The western section embraces the picturesque and
quadrangular block of upland covered at one time with oak
forest that lies between the Muqatta £ and W. el-Malik. The
water-parting passes over this block between its south-western
and north-eastern corners, and the highest summit probably
lies about half a mile north-west of Qusqus (alt. 575 ft.), but
its altitude is at present undetermined. The central division,
sejDarated from the western by a saddle or depression that
connects W. el-Malik where it bends to the west with the recess
which the plain of Esdraelon makes northward towards the
plain of Buttauf, is the main part of the range and extends
eastward to W. el-Madi, tributary of the W. el-Bireh. From
this central mass the ground falls on all sides, and it is here
that the Nazareth Range presents its most complex features
and consists broadly of a number of spurs radiating in various