"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [و‎‎٢‎٦‎٠] (٧٣٨/٥٢٤)

CARMEL
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family occupy exceptionally large fortress-like houses, and at
Tireh parts of the former Crusaders’ Castle have been trans
formed for habitation. The mosques of Carmel are com
paratively small and usually have no minaret, but withal
are here designated as jamia‘ and not masjid. In a village
where there is no mosque, the manzil or alighting-place for
strangers, which every village of any size has, serves as a
mosque.
For raising water the nd'urah is common as in other parts
of Palestine, but it is here called hannaneh ; the shelldf moy,
similar to the shadduf of Egypt, is also employed though,
according to Post, it is not found elsewhere in Syria.
Sacred places of Carmel. —The chief places of pilgrimage
of Mt. Carmel are two, viz. (a) El-Khudhr or Khadhr (Elijah’s
Cave), and (b) the Shejeret el-Arba‘In. The former is a cave
at the foot of the headland below the Carmelite monastery,
to which it formerly belonged but is now a waqf. It is reached
by a rough step path from the Haifa—Jaffa road, or by a path
down from the Carmelite monastery, and is visited by both
Christians and Mohammedans. The Shejeret el-Arba‘m, or
trees of the forty martyrs, is a group of fine old evergreen
oaks lying a little east of Khreibeh on the ridge road. In
the shade of the trees is a mihrdb or prayer-niche, consisting
of a semicircle of rough stones about 1 metre high. The
trees are held in special veneration both by Mohammedans and
Druses, but are not a place of pilgrimage for native Christians.
Other groups of venerated trees are to be found at Bir Padil
in the wadi of the same name, and at Es-Sitt Khadhreh, east
of Shellaleh, and there are numerous maqdms scattered over
the district. The maqdm of Sheikh Ibraq, near ‘Athlit, is a
place of pilgrimage of Moslems second only in importance to
that of El-Khudhr.
Bedouin. —The nomads of Carmel number at most 300
souls, 1 and are remnants of small branches of larger tribes
They mostly keep goats, possess but few camels and rarely
any horses. Their camping-grounds are called manzileh
1 Von Mulinen, 1905.
Kk
SYRIA