"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [و‎‎٢‎٥‎٩] (٧٣٨/٥٢٢)

CARMEL
511
‘Athlit, on the coast; pop., native, probably less than 100.
‘Ain Haudh, pop. 283, Mezar, pop. 79, Jeba‘, pop. 406,
‘Ain Ghazal, pop. 737, and Fureidis, pop. 297, form a chain
of villages on the western slopes, between W. Falah and
W. el-Fureidis.
Iqzim, or Ijzim, on the plateau of Carmel, E. of the above
villages; pop. 1,519 andnext to Tireh the most populous centre.
El-Khashm, the prominent upland lying between Wadi
el-Fureidis and the Nahr ez-Zerqa, on which are situated
Zimmarin and other Jewish colonies and a few native villages ;
total pop., 1,326.
The very great number of ruined sites to be found on almost
every hill-top of Carmel, built mostly of solid material though
but few of them cover any great extent of ground, bear witness
to a population which was formerly much denser than at the
present time. The innumerable ancient olive oil- and wine
presses to be found in places which are now wilderness seem
also to show that both the hills and valleys must formerly
have been more extensively cultivated than is the case now.
Settled communities .—The Druse settlements on Mt. Carmel
are Daliyeh and ‘Usufiya, with their respective dependencies
of Jelamet el-Mansurah and Jelamet el-‘Asafni at the north
eastern foot of the ridge, and they are the most southerly
outposts of the Druse communities of Galilee. The Druses
formerly also occupied El-Khreibeh, Shellaleh and Bostan, but
abandoned these villages during the Egyptian occupation of
1831-40. They came to Carmel about 280 years ago, and
Daliyeh is the most southern village in Syria occupied by them.
Their spiritual head is the Sheikh of Julis (Galilee), They
are most industrious tillers of the soil, but there is a marked
difference between the two villages, the people of Daliyeh
being reported of a far superior class to those of ‘Usufiya.
Native Christians are to be found, outside of Haifa, only
at ‘Usufiya where some 150, or about one-fourth of the total
population, share this village with the Druses. They are of
the Greek Church, and their khuri, or pastor, is appointed
by the Uniate Archbishop of ‘Akka. In civil matters the