"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [و‎‎٢‎٥‎٨] (٧٣٨/٥٢٠)

CARMEL
was known as Tiret el-Loz. The carob is a very common
tree on the slopes of Carmel, notably on that part below the
monastery. The tree is here extensively and carefully
cultivated for its pod (the locust bean), which has considerable
commercial value. The mulberry and fig-tree flourish in
sheltered spots in the plain. The apple, pear, quince, apricot
and peach are cultivated in the gardens of the villages, and
the medlar has been recently introduced ; but the lemon and
citron are rare and the orange-tree is not planted. Only
a few isolated palm-trees are found on the high ground ; the
dates of these are very inferior in quality, and the tree is
therefore not so extensively cultivated as in the maritime
plain farther south.
Stock-rearing .—Cuinet (1898) gives the following distri
bution of stock for the Carmel district : oxen and cows,
2,100 ; buffaloes, 60 ; horses, 300 ; donkeys and mules, 500 ;
sheep, 700 ; goats, 28,000 ; camels, 69. There are no pigs
in Carmel. Sheep, generally the white broad-tailed breed,
are pastured almost entirely in the lowland plains, as the
herbage of the hills is unsuitable and the thorny growth
which is so prevalent there is ruinous to their wool. Goats, the
black long-bearded, on the contrary, are kept in very large
flocks on the high ground : they are found in such numbers,
in comparison with the area, as to be almost a menace to the
survival of certain kinds of vegetation. The mule is much
valued on Carmel both as a mount and as a pack animal.
Fowls are largely kept; but turkeys are few and there are
no ducks and geese. Silkworms are reared to a small extent
at Yajur, at the foot of the northern slope. Bees are kept
in many villages, the hives being of clay and about 1| metres
high.
Other Industries .—Outside of Haifa the local industries of
Carmel are few and insignificant. There are steam flour
mills at Tireh and Jeba c , but no windmills, and only one
water-mill, in W. Shellaleh, now disused ; there are winch-
mills worked by mules (tahunet baghl) at Daliyeh and ‘Usufiya.
Lime-burning is extensively carried on, the stones of ruins as