"كتيّب سوريا (بما في ذلك فلسطين). لندن: إدارة استخبارات الأركان البحرية، يونيو ١٩١٩" [ظ‎‎٧‎٧] (٧٣٨/١٥٩)

148
MILITARY HISTORY
experiences on the march, and uncertainty regarding the best
plan of campaign, decided the Crusaders to pause and fortify
Jaffa. International jealousies and Richard’s personal cir
cumstances now decided the English king to open negotiations
with Saladin. These negotiations lasted a whole year, during
which time the Crusaders fortified Ascalon. The other move
ments of the army were insignificant, and the engagements
with the enemy mere skirmishes. A treaty was signed on
September 2, 1192. The Latins retained the coast from Tyre
to Jaffa. Ascalon was dismantled, and was to be left un
occupied for the duration of peace (three years). Jerusalem
remained Moslem, but the Latins were to enjoy the right of
pilgrimage, and to retain the Church of the Resurrection. In
the north Tripoli and Antioch and a certain amount of
territory beside them were left to the Latins. The great
castles of Marqab, Safita, and Husn el-Akrad, belonging to
the Knights Hospitallers, also survived the wreck of the
Latin States.
Latin Syria in the 13th century
The Latin colonies still survived almost exactly another
century. But all the time they were under sentence of death.
Western Europe had made its great effort to conquer Saladin
and had failed. The surviving cities on the coast could not
resist even a moderate Moslem power. Superficially regarded
they appear for the next fifty years to improve their position.
Minor crusades came with considerable frequency, and the
successors of Saladin made them concessions, largely because
of domestic troubles. Except for brief intervals of war carried
on by the crusaders from Europe, there was generally peace
between the Latins and the Moslems. Beirut and Jubeil
(1198), Jaffa and Nazareth (1204), Jerusalem, Tibnin, and
Saida (1229), Safed, Sheqif Arnun and Ascalon (1240), and
finally Tiberias (1244) were restored to the Latins. But no
single town was captured and no victory in the field was
gained. Jerusalem was lost again in 1244, and Ascalon and
Tiberias in 1247, and when the Mamluk Sultans united Syria