"دليل بلاد فارس، الجزء III، وهو يتضمن محافظة فارس، لورستان، عربستان، خوزستان، يزد، كرمانشاه، أردلان، كردستان" [ظ‎‎١‎٥‎٣] (٦٨٦/٣١١)

284
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JAF—JAG
existence of a large and celebrated city in this place. They are prob
ably of the Sassanian epoch. Below them the valley narrows, and paved
roads of great antiquity are carried along each bank. Still descending
the river, the valley again widens, and artificial mounds and ruins
again occur; and on the right bank is the tomb of Daniel, held in
much veneration by the Lurs (a mean mud hut). Beyond these the
river is again confined between tremendous precipices. A paved road,*
Very slippery and bad going for horses, is carried along its banks, and
ruins of roughly hewn stone, called by the Lurs, Masjid-i-SuKman,
occur. Below these are the ruins of a very fine bridge (the bridge of
Jirzad), the arches of which must have spanned the river at an eleva
tion of 100 feet. The kiln-burnt bricks of which it was constructed
resemble those found in ruins of the Kayanian era.”
A paved high road was once carried through the plain. A caravan-
Pavedroad, Shustar-Is- sarai in ruins exists at the western extremity of
fahan. Mai Amir. The next station, for the stations
between Shustar and the eastern side of the great chain can still be
traced, is at the foot of the mountains near Burs, where there are the
ruins of a large caravansarai. The Lurs attribute this road to the
Atabegs ; it is evidently a very ancient work.
Traces of this old Atabeg road are numerous. Leaving Shustar it
traversed the Lawari valley and by Pul-i-burida, Manjinnik (Bagh-i-
Malik), Helafigan (Hallagan), Idedj (Mai-Amir), by the Rah-i-Sul-
tani to KaPa Madrassa, over the old bridge near God-i-Balutak, Pul-i*
Amarat, and Diipulan to Ardal; over the Suledjan viaduct and the
Gardan-i-Zarra to Kahv-i-Rukh.
From Pul-i-Amarat it appears to have branched by Armen, Lurda-
gan, Felat, Semiran, Kail or Kori to Kumishah, and again from Felat
to Shiraz.
JAFIRABAD—Lat. Long. Elev.
A village of forty houses in Kurdistan, about 163 miles from Karman-
shah, on the road thence to Tabriz. {Napier.)
JAFIR GUM BED—Lat. Long. Elev.
A village in Fars, south-east of the Mahallu lake, on the road from
Shiraz to Dar&b. {Stoltze.)
JAGATt)—LaL Long. Elev.
A river of Azarbaijan, flowing north between Sain Kala and Suj Bu-
lak into Lake Urmia. It forms the boundary between the Turko-
Tartar and Kurd tribes; the frontier between the Turko-Tartars and
Persians is situated further west. Near Suj Bulak the river is about 300
feet broad, and its water as clear as crystal, flows rapidly over pebbles;
it is about one foot deep, and easily fordable. Gerard says that just
outside the town of Miandab, it is about 80 yards broad, 3^ feet deep,
and in the winter very difficult to ford owing to the floating ice.
The valley of the Jagatu is inhabited by a tribe called the “ Char-
daoris,” {Gerard—Thielmann — I. B. } W. 0. } Part I.)
* The Jaddah-i-atabeg.