"دليل بلاد فارس، الجزء III، وهو يتضمن محافظة فارس، لورستان، عربستان، خوزستان، يزد، كرمانشاه، أردلان، كردستان" [و‎‎١‎٤‎٩] (٦٨٦/٣٠٢)

275 * 18 a
ILI—1LI
the inhabitants of cities; for, excepting their clothes, copper utensils,
pack-saddles, and ornamental luxuries, they supply all their own
necessities. Their simple manner of living (not to mention their
being out ot the way of extortion) may be calculated at one hundred
per cent, cheaper than m the town. They make their own tents or
dwelling-places, weave their own carpets and hammocks or felts
cut their own wood and burn their own charcoal; they kill their own
meat, make their cheese and butter, and their lives are far more free
from disease and local complaints. Their dress does not differ from
that of other Persians, except in its extreme meanness. A man rich
in cattle will appear with a coat to his back that scarcely holds
together, and in such indifferent dresses, but with no other coveriuo-
over their heads than their tents, their women and children will brave
all the ngour of winter. The favourite wife or child enjoys whatever
luxury of dress belongs to the tribe, consisting of gold bracelets, neck
laces, silver and gold ornaments for the hair; frequently a handker
chief is edged with perforated silver coin, and baudeans of the same
are tied about the head and neck. It is not uncommon to meet with
ancient medals suspended about the neck and heads of the Iliyat
women and childern.
“ The time of the IliyaPs rest is the winter, when his flocks are not
productive and require no other care than being led to pasture. The
men then help the women to weave carpets and tent cloths, or spin
goats’ hair. At the approach of spring all is then full of activity:
the ewes bring forth, then the lambs are tented, then shearing comes
on, the flocks require constant milking, and the numerous uses to
which the milk is consigned, that is butter, dough, and roghan, re
quire much work, which the men perform. The women, too, are very
laborious; they pitch and unpitch encampments when on a march,
load and unload the beasts of burden, attend the children and the
young animals; they sit down in companies to spin, and help to
churn and make sour milk. The drudgery is for the women; the
business of protection, purchase, and sale, and all the greater interests
of the community for the males.
“ The Iliyats break up their winter encampments one month after
the festival of the Nau-Ruz, i.e., one month after the sun has
entered the sign Aries, and travel by easy journeys of 2 to 3 miles
each day to what they call the f Sar-hadd/ or the boundary between the
cold and hot region; there they stay for about a month, and then travel
on again to their Ilak, where they encamp during the heat of summer
and where they remain about seventy days; they then return to the
‘ Sar-hadd/ where they remain another month, and at length reach
their old haunts in the Kishlak for the winter. Many direct their
motions by the rising of the stars, and many by the appearance of the
snowy mountains. They are unmolested in their passage, and perhaps
may give a sheep or so to the lords of the villages near which they
travel. The ground upon which they encamp is improved by their
presence, since it is strengthened by the manure they leave.
“ Their mode of calculating property is by sheep; they pay their
shepherds in sheep. In their own dealings, in their purchase of oxen