"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٩‎٢] (٤٧٤/١٧٦)

92
MEMOIR ON THE RUINS
now lost, which gave its name to the gate, than that
such an irregularity existed. As to the inhabitants
in their distress taking refuge within the precincts
of the temple, it is probable they were induced to it,
not from its proximity to the point of attack, but as
the grand sanctuary, and, from its holiness and great
celebrity, the one most likely to be respected by the
enemy.
The difficuly is, however, by no means vanquished,
by allowing the temple and tower of Belus to have
stood on the east side : a very strong objection may
be brought against the Birs Nemroud, in the dis
tance of its position from the extensive remains on
the eastern bank of the Euphrates, which, for its ac
commodation within the area of Babylon, would
oblige us to extend the measurement of each side of
the square to nine miles, or adopt a plan which
would totally exclude the Mujelibe, all the ruins
above it, and most of those below: even in the former
case the Mujelibe and the Birs would be at opposite
extremities of the town, close to the wall, while we
have every reason to believe that the tower of Belus
occupied a central situation. Whether the Birs
stood within or without the walls, if it was a build
ing distinct from the tower of Belus, it appears very
surprising how so stupendous a pile, as it must have
been in its perfect state, never attracted the attention
of those who have enumerated the wonders of
Babylon.
The plan of the Birs varies more from a perfect