"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٩‎١] (٤٧٤/١٧٥)

OF BABYLON.
91
that the temple stood on the east side, and the palace
on the west. A presumptive proof of the supposed
position of the temple, should the words of Diodorus
be regarded as ambiguous, is, that the gate of the city
named Belidian, and which we must conclude to be
denominated from the temple, appears pretty clearly
to have been situated on a the east side. When
Darius Hystaspes besieged Babylon, the Belidian
and Cissian gates were opened to him by Zopyrus ;
and the Babylonians fled to the temple of Belus,
as we may suppose, the nearest place of refuge.
The Cissian or Susian gate must surely have been in
the eastern part of the city, as Susa lay to the east;
and by circumstances the Belidian gate was near it.
—Geog. of Herod.* pp. 355-357. Now I do not
think these premises altogether warrant the conclu
sion : in these countries, as has before been re
marked,'!' gates take the names of the places to, and
not from, which they lead; the gates of Babylon are
instances of this; and the very gate next the Beli
dian was called Susian, from the town to which the
road it opened upon led ; so that if the Belidian gate
really derived its appellation from the temple, it
would have been a singular instance, not merely in
Babylon, but in the whole East at any period.
It is consequently much easier to suppose there may
have been a town, village, or other remarkable
place .without the city, the tradition of which is
* Appendix. ^ Vide also ReunelL