"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٨‎٧] (٤٧٤/١٧١)

OF BABYLON.
87
the most remarkable object among them. Pliny,
seventy years after Strabo, mentions " the temple of
Jupiter Belus, the inventor of astronomy," as still
standing ; and all travellers since the time of Ben
jamin of Tudela, who first revived the remembrance
of the ruins, whenever they fancied themselves near
the site of Babylon, universally fixed upon the most
conspicuous eminence to represent the tower of
Belus. Benjamin of Tudela, Rawulf, and some
others, saw it among the ruins of old Felugiah; and,
fully bent upon verifying the words of Scripture,
fancied it infested by every species of venomous rep
tile. If we take Rawulf's account,* indeed, he must
in the 16th century have seen Babylon, nearly as
perfect as it was in Strabo's time, and he has no
kind of difficulty in pointing out the minutest divi
sions of the city. I believe Pietro della Valle was
the first who selected the MujelM as the remains of
this celebrated structure. P6re Emanuel and Nie-
buhr are the only writers who have noticed the Birs
Nemroud ; and the former, from the account he has
given, or the clearness of the idea he appears to have
formed, might, with equal advantage to the world
and himself, have never seen it.
Notwithstanding the apparent ease, with which
this important point in the topography of Babylon
has been determined, a careful examiner will find
as great a difficulty in discovering the remains of the
Tower of Belus, as in identifying any other part of
* Appendix, No. 12.