"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٥‎٨] (٤٧٤/١٣٦)

58
MEMOIR ON THE RUINS
kings and princes who were buried in the morasses
were dug up ; by which I understand that the bad
state of the canals had caused inundations in the
places of sepulture. From the yielding nature of
the soil I can readily conceive the ease with which
Cyrus dug a trench round the city, sufficient to con
tain the river (Cyrop. lib. vii.)*. I have not however
been able to discover any traces either of this trench,
or the lines of circumvallation.
The ruins of the eastern quarter of Babylon com
mence about two miles above Hillah, and consist of
two large masses or mounds connected with, and
lying N. and S. of each other, and several smaller
ones which cross the plain at different intervals.
The northern termination of this plain is Pietro della
Valle' s ruin'}", from the S. E. angle of which (to which
it evidently once joined, being only obliterated there
by two canals,) proceeds a narrow ridge or mound
of earth, wearing the appearance of having been a
boundary wall. Vide the annexed plan (A). This
ridge forms a kind of circular inclosure, and joins
the S. E. point of the most southerly of the two
grand masses.
The river bank is skirted by a ruin (B), which I
shall, for perspicuity's sake, call its embankment,
though, as will hereafter be seen, there is good
reason for supposing it never was intended for one.
It commences on a line with the lower extremity of
the southernmost grand mound, and is there nearly
* See Appendix, No. 4. t See Appendix, No. 5.
1