"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎١‎٩] (٤٧٤/٤٦)

introduction.
xix
and all her men of war shall be cut off in that day,
saith the Lord. Behold, I am against thee, O thou
most proud, saith the Lord God of hosts : for thy
day is come, the time that I will visit thee. And the
most proud shall stumble and fall, and none shall
raise him up ; and I will kindle a fire in his cities,
and it shall devour all round about him."*
No mention is made by Herodotus of these mas
sacres, but Xenophon informs us that, the soldiers of
Cyrus' army having murdered vast numbers of the
Babylonians, he issued a command to his cavalry to
massacre only those who were found in the streets ;
and he commanded the inhabitants, upon pain of
death, to keep within their houses.
The Prophecies of David, Isaiah, and Jeremiah,
were thus literally accomplished ; and the narratives
of the two latter supply us with those details which
the Greek authors have neglected to relate. Indeed
there can be no doubt that the Babylonians were
treated with much more severity by Cyrus than
either Herodotus or Xenophon seem to have been
aware of, or perhaps were willing to allow.
With this conquest of Babylon perished the Chal
dean empire, by which so many other empires had
been destroyed ; and, as had been prophesied, the
hammer which had broken the nations to pieces was
at length itself broken."f
* Jeremiah, chap. 1.
t "How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder and broken!
how is Babylon become a desolation !"—Jer. 1. 23.
b 2