"أسفار في بلوشستان والسند؛ مع تقرير جغرافي وتاريخي لهذين البلدين، وخريطة." [‎٣‎٥‎٦] (٤٧٦/٣٩٨)

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INDUS.
RANK OF THE THREE PRINCES. THEIR APPEARANCE. DRESS. IMMENCE
TURBANS. STATE OF THE WEATHER AT HYDERABAD IN AUGUST, 1809.
OPPRESSIVE HEAT.
BEFORE I proceed further in the abstract from my journal, of
the proceedings of the mission till its final return to Bombay,
I shall, in this place, detail the sum of Captain Maxfield's and my
own observations on the river Indus, and the adjacent districts, to
gether with the information I have derived from other sources. *
That celebrated river was once supposed to have flowed in nearly a
direct south line, from its source into the ocean, but the successful
investigations that have of late years been pursued, regarding the
geography of Asia, have rectified this error, and thrown a light on
the north-western frontier of Hindoostan, which could scarcely have
been anticipated by the most sanguine promoters of science. From
these researches we are led to think that the Indus rises between the
thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth degrees of north latitude, whence it runs
a little to the southward of west, for a distance of seven or eight
degrees, forcing its way among the snowy mountains that separate
Kashmeer and Little Thibet. About the seventy-second degree of
east longitude it suddenly turns more southerly, being denied a
further westerly progress by the mountains of Kashkar, and thence
it varies its course, between south and south-west, to the fortress of
Attock, in north latitude 33° 55'. To the northward of that place it
is distinguished by the title of Aboo Seen, or Father River, and there
it is usually called the Roode Attock, or river of Attock, by which
name it is known until joined by the Punjnud, or five streams, that
water the provinces within the Punjab; f here it may be said to
* The sources whence I have received information on the Indus, exclusive of the surveys
to Kabool and Sinde, I shall touch upon in a short notice, regarding the construction of
the Map that I purpose affixing to this volume.
f The five rivers of the Punjab, passing from west to east, are the Behat, or Chelum,
anciently Hydaspes. The Chunaub, or Jenaub, anciently Acesines. The Rauvee, or
ancient Hydraotes. These three unite about 70 miles north-east of Mooltan, and take
IJ