"تاريخ أئمة وأسياد عُمان بقلم سليل ابن رزيق، من ٦٦١-١٨٥٦ م، مترجم من الأصل العربي، ومُحرّر بملاحظات وملاحق ومقدمة تواصل التاريخ حتى سنة ١٨٧٠، بقلم جورج بيرسي بادجر، عضو في الجمعية الجغرافية الملكية والقس الراحل في رئاسة بومباي." [‎٢‎٩] (٦١٢/٦٢)

and analysis.
xxix
and the planting of some thousands of date and cocoa-nut
trees in different parts of the country. He died at er-
Ilastak on the 4th of October, 1711.
Sultan-bin-Seif, the second of that name, succeeded his
father, and removed from er-Rastak to el-Hazm, where he
built a strong fort. His warlike achievements appear to
have been confined to the Persian Gulf, where he encoun
tered the Persians at many points, and wrested from them
the island of el-Bahrein, 1 (p. 94), which they had occu-
I know not, but it seems confined to a peculiar class of men who go
about the country for the purpose, and I saw several which had been
sunk to the depth of forty feet. A channel from this fountain-head is
then, with a very slight descent, bored in the direction in which it is to
be conveyed, leaving apertures at regular distances to afford light and
air to those who are occasionally sent to keep it clean. In this manner
the water is frequently conducted for a distance of six or eight miles,
and an unlimited supply is thus obtained. These channels are about
four feet broad and two feet deep, and contain a clear rapid stream.
Few of the large towns or oases but had four or five of these rivulets or
feleji running into them. The isolated spots to which water is thus
conveyed possess a soil so fertile, that nearly every grain, fruit, or vege
table, common to India, Arabia, or Persia, is produced almost spon
taneously ; and the tales of the oases will be no longer regarded as an
exaggeration, since a single step conveys the traveller from the glare
and sand of the desert into a fertile tract, watered by a hundred rills,
teeming with the most luxuriant vegetation." Travels in Arabia, vol.
i. pp. 92-94. These canals, which Wellsted thought peculiar to 'Oman
are common in Persia, where they are called kariz or kahriz. Mr.
Perkins thus describes the process of making them :— u A well is sunk
upon a descending plain till water is found, and a canal cut from the
bottom, under ground, descending just enough to convey its water along.
A few yards from the first a second well is dug, that the earth, in cut
ting the subterranean passage, maybe drawn out; and the same process
is repeated till the spring is conveyed to the surface and made to irrigate
tlie adjacent fields. The rapidity with which these wells are dug is
astonishing. Two men—one at the top with a small hand windlass and
a leather bucket to draw up the soil, and the other below with an iron
prong like a tusk, furnished with a short handle to dig it up, and a huge
iron spoon with which to fill the bucket—will work down twenty or
twenty-five feet per day." Residence in Persia, p. 426. Andover, U. S ,
1843.
1 Although the author simply states that he captured " el-Bahrein,"