"الجغرافيا الشرقية لابن حوقل، رحّالة عربي من القرن العاشر" [‎١‎٨‎٦] (٣٨٨/٢٣٩)

( 186 )
The city of Joi Atel has four gates. One of those gates
faces the river; another looks towards Iran, in the direction of
the desert. The king of this country is a Jew: he has in his
train four thousand Mussulmans, and KI lozt ians (Chris
tians), and Idolaters; but his principal people are Jews : And this
king has twelve thousand soldiers in his service, of whom when
one dies, another person is immediately chosen into his place;
and they have no other commander but him. And this king has
under him nine magistrates or judges : these are Mussul
mans, Jews, Christians, and Idolaters. The smallest in number of
the inhabitants of this country are the Jews; the greatest in num
ber are the Mussulmans and Christians: but the king and his
chief officers are Jews. There are magistrates of each religion;
and when they sit in the tribunal of justice, they are obliged to
report to the king all that passes, and to bring back his answer
and opinion, and put his sentence into execution.
This city has not any suburbs; but the cultivated fields and
grounds extend for near twenty farsang. Agriculture is much
practised, and the husbandmen carry the produce of their labour
in boats and carriages to the city. The chief diet of this people
is fish and rice: they bring honey and wax from the borders of
^ Rous. The principal persons of Atel are Mussulmans and
merchants: their language is like that of the Turks or Tar
tars), and is not understood by any other nation.