"كتيّب بلاد الرافدين. المجلد IV .١٩١٧" [و‎‎٥‎٣] (٥٣٠/١١٠)

(63),
EOUTE 62 a
101
Reach foot of Piris Dagh and enter mouth of stony ravine,
20 yds. broad. Track very steep over loose jagged stones,
with short zigzags among boulders. Alt. 3,005 ft.
Easier gradient to summit following 2-ft. ledge in grassy
slope, with deep ravine to r.
Summit of Piris Dagh, 3,500 ft. Track bifurcates, one
branch going towards Eizan. Present track turns 1. Cross
narrow ridge and begin descent immediately, following
a 1-2 ft. ledge in clay and stones.
Wind | m. round a deep basin immediately to r.
Enter small valley cultivated in terraces. Narrow stony
track through trees and brushwood.
Pass Zawa, 20 huts to 1., near a spring, with a grove of fine
walnut trees.
Narrow track by a stream. Banks well wooded with
sycamores, oaks, mulberries, and undergrowth. Valley
150-200 yds. wide, with steep rocky slopes. Cross to 1.
of ravine. Cliffs close in gradually. Difficult track
with zigzags among boulders. Alt. 1,810 ft.
Cross to 1. bank. Valley widens. Track trends gradually
away from stream.
Zubbat, 30 houses. Orchards in terraces on the hill-side.
Alt. 1,840 ft.
Several isolated groves of oaks.
Zibar, or Bireh Kafra, 50 huts, alt. 1,470 ft. Stone fort,
80 yds. square, with loopholed walls and round towers at
the corners, the residence of the Kaimmakam in 1888 ;
partly dismantled.
Water from several small wells 6-8 ft. below the surface.
From Zibar the route proceeds over the Galashinea Pass
(m. 68), and then along the r. bank of the Zab to Plr-i-
Kalani (m. 78). This track is difficult in parts, and if
the Zab could be crossed near Zibar an easier way could
probably be found along the 1. bank to. the Pir-i-Kalani.
The ruined bridge at that point would have to be
restored, and the track described below rejoined.
Broad track NW. up the valley, which is 1-1^ m.
broad.
Herin, 200 houses ; 30 houses of Christians and a few Jews.
Masonry church, 50 by 20 yds., walls 4 ft. thick. A few
loopholes at the top.