"كتيّب بلاد الرافدين. المجلد I. ١٩١٨" [‎١‎١‎٤] (٥٦٨/١٢٣)

114
INHABITANTS
confederacy during his absence in Damascus. He was hurrying
homewards when he died—'probably from natural causes'.
He left six sons, who were thrown into prison by the Turks.
The eldest, Abdul Hamid (generally known as Hamud), died in
captivity; the others—Mamu (now about 80), Ismail (28), Khalil
Pasha (26), Abdul Rahman (18), and Tama (16)—were at length
released, and a part of their father's estates was restored to them.
Beraziyeh. A large group of tribes in the Sajur district, including
nomadic, semi-nomadic, and sedentary sections. They have a reputa
tion for brigandage. Partly Arabized ; many wear Arab dress and
speak Arabic.
Qaragecld. Between Veiran Shehr and Diarbekr. Nomads. Reported
by Sykes to belong to the Beraziyeh confederacy and to contain about
500 families. The Mil. Report on vol. iv (1904), reckons
the Qaragechi at 8,650 guns, about two-thirds of their fighting force
being mounted men. It gives their rifles as 250, but this number
may have greatly increased in recent years. The tribe is warlike
and turbulent.
Mirm. See above, p. 113.
OTHEE GEOXJPS
Turks and Turkomans. (a) In the cities of Diarbekr and Urfeh,
and in the districts between Diarbekr and the Euphrates there is
a Turkish-speaking element in the population. There are apparently
some nomad Turkomans in the Diarbekr vilayet.
(&) There are settled Turkomans west of Mosul at Tel A'far, and
also in the plains east of Mosul.
(c) There is a settled Turkoman population in a narrow strip
of country along the western border of the southern Kurdish hills,
extending from the neighbourhood of Altun Kcipru through Kirkuk
to Tuz Khurmatli. They form the main part of the urban population
at Altun KOprti and Kirkuk.
{d) In some of the towns of Irak (and especially, it seems, in
Baghdad) there are to be found persons claiming to be Turks, often
without justification.
(e) There are a few nomad Turkomans in northern Arabistan.
SyrianQhristians. (a) Ghaldaeans (including both the Arabic-
speaking and the Syrian-speaking sections, and Chaldaean Uniates
and Chaldaean ' Nestorians', see p. 132). These are found chiefly
in the country north and east of Mosul, in the plains and lower hills,
and in the Hakkiari mountains of central Kurdistan, on both sides
of the Zab valley (and eastwards, beyond the limits of our area, in