"كتيّب بلاد الرافدين. المجلد I. ١٩١٨" [‎١‎١‎١] (٥٦٨/١٢٠)

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INHABITANTS 111
Sinjahi (1,000 horsemen ?). Mahldesht district; nomads and noted
mule-breeders.
Guran (3,000 horsemen ?). In the country NW. of the Mahldesht
plain, towards the plain of Zohab where the nomad sections of the
tribe winter.
Jaff (4,000 horsemen ?). This group winters in the country east of
Kufri and about Khanikin, and for the summer moves northwards
via Halebjeh to the Penjevin district; a part of it has been in the
habit of going farther and crossing the frontier into Persian territory,
where it pillaged the country-side. Some sections (e. g. Sadani and
Badaghi) occasionally winter west of the Diyaleh between Chaman
Koprii and Qara Bulaq. The Jaff group, formerly very powerful, is in
a state of disintegration, the family of its paramount chiefs (the
Begzadeh of the Pushtamala section) having lost almost all influence.
The family still owns considerable property in Suleimaniyeh,
Halebjeh, Penjevin, and Qizil Eibat. The depredations of the .Jaff
were the cause of much friction.between Turkey and Persia.
The Bajlan, on the left bank of the Diyaleh north of Qasr-i-Shlrln,
formerly belonged to the Jaff group, but are now separated from it
owing to blood-feuds, which are still kept up. The Bajlan used to
furnish a guard for the Chlah Surkh oil-wells.
Hamawand (2,000 souls ?). Between Kirkuk and Suleimaniyeh.
The centre of the Hamawand country is the Baziyan valley in the
Qara Dagh. Semi-nomadic. Very famous as raiders and fighters.
Baudiyeh (4,000 families ?). In the plains east of the Tigris, on the
banks of the Lesser Zab. Warlike semi-nomads.
D'sdiyeh (or 'Dizzai'? 5,000 families?). Between Altun Koprti
and Erbil and about the Qara Chok Dagh ; head-quarters at Makhmur.
Mainly sedentary.
Shuan (15,000 souls ?). In the hills north of Kirkuk and east of
Altun Koprii. Apparently a strong but fairly quiet tribe.
Sheikh Bezeini (4,000 families ?). Villagers in country NNE. of
Altun Koprti; move to Wazneh Pass in summer. ' A great and
warlike tribe, turbulent and fierce.' Noted robbers. Make Martini-
Henry rifles.
Girdi (6,000 families '?). East of Erbil, about Ashqaf Saqqa ;
move to Wazneh district in summer. A powerful tribe.
There is a sedentaiy branch of the Girdi SW. of Shemsdinan.
Khoshnao (2,000 families ?). About Shakhlawa. Sedentary; are
said to work for the Girdi and Sheikh Bezeini and to be unwarlike.
There are apparently other Khoshnao south of Rowanduz about
Belassan.
Mengur (2,000 families ?). Lahjan plain, Pishdir plain, Eaniyeh