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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [‎214r] (438/995)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (491 folios). It was created in 28 Jun 1920-11 Feb 1921. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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\\ e shall have by autumn 3 divisions in the country who will depend
entirely on civ 1 ! departments for Railways, Posts, Telegraphs, Works, Electric
.Lignt, -tvoads and Bndg-es. I am directly responsible to the Military author
ities to maintain these departments subject to recovering of proper proportion
ol cost from them in every case. The military position being what it is I can
in no way afford to dispense forthwith with European staff. Our financial
Position already compels heads of departments to reduce the number of Euro
peans to lowest figure and there is no one here who wishes to employ more than
lie can possibly help.
Substitution of Arab for Indian personnel is proceeding rapidly in many
departments but we have not yet reached the stage when we can find a sub
stitute for British personnel. In Syria, Palestine and Egypt hi$ place is taken
bj , ( , e Beyantine and Southern European, a type which does not exist here,
the 1 urk introduced him and with the Turk he fled and will not return till we
have railway communication with the Mediterranean.
I am reporting on each department separately by post. Meanwhile I beg
that jou v,ill permit recruitment to continue and accept my assurances that
pending tne submission of a full report th&re will be no unnecessary additional
recruitment. If stoppage is insisted on I shall have no option but to ask the
Military authorities to resume charge of certain departments the continuance
of which is of vital importance.
It may interest H.M.G. to know that there are at least as many British
motor mechanics' in the employment of local firms in connection with motors
as in the Civil Administration and that the tendency both of British and JSfative
firms in Baghdad and Basrah, during the past 18 months has been greatly to
increase their British mechanical staff owing to the important role which
mechanical transport now plays in this country and in all branches of the
Administration.
Telegram—P.
From—F.M. Lord Allenby, Bacos Kamlah.
To—-Foreign Office, London, repeated to C.C., Baghdad.
A T o. 638.
Dated 1st and received 3rd July, 1920.
Jafar Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. in whom I have complete confidence, has offered to resign,
his position in Faisal’s army and proceed to Baghdad to remove misunder-
standngs, regarding attitude of Faisal’s Government towards the Meso
potamian Administration and to help in clearing up situation in regard to
Ajaimi. He states that Ajaimi has in no w,«y been assisted or incited by
Faisal’s Government who have no control whatever over him, but that he has
collected a number of Baghdad Officers of Turkish Army who have been unable
to find employment elsewhere. Jafar Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. would undertake to get into touch
with such officers and utilize them for Mesopotamian Administration.
I strongly recommend that he should be asked to go as soon as possible to
Baghdad where I am sure he would be of great assistance.
Do you agree? *
Telegram—R.
From—Civil Commissioner, Baghdad.
To—India Office, London, repeated High Commissioner, Cairo.
No. 8039.
Dated 3rd July, 1920.
High Commissioner telegram of 1st July 638. I shall be very glad to
see Jafar Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. at Baghdad but in present circumstances I am inclined in his
own interests to recommend that he should go via Mosul or by sea. If the
former he should come via Tel Afar and give us previous warning in order to
prevent possible misunderstanding.
I should mention that I am only waiting for authority to make the
announcement referred to in my telegram of 20th June 7431 In order to tele
graph its purport through Egyptian authorities to Damascus and Aleppo
and to invite selected Baghdadi officers to come here to assist in discussions on
subject namely electoral law. I should mention that for some time past
Ajaimi has not been heard of prominently on this side and I have no recent
knowledge of his whereabouts. Until Jafar Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. has visited Baghdad he
would do well not to enter into negotiations with such doubtful elements as
the officers referred to.”
Addressed India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , repeated High Gttmmissiorier, Cairo.

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Content

The volume consists of correspondence, memoranda, drafts, and departmental notes relating to rebellion against British mandatory rule in Mesopotamia [approximately corresponding to present-day Iraq], later known as the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.

The volume covers the period from the start of unrest in May 1920 to British imposition of control in October of the same year. The majority of the volume comprises reports from political officers across Mesopotamia on the situation in their respective divisions and districts.

Other matters discussed within the volume include:

  • The suspected causes of the uprising, including fears of ‘Bolshevik’ and pro-Turkish influence
  • Settlement of the border between Syria and Mesopotamia
  • Military strategy and operations, including the need for reinforcements
  • The severing of British lines of communication, particularly rail
  • The efficacy and principles of the use of armoured cars and air raids as means of control following numerous cases of misidentification and disproportionate force that resulted in the deaths and injuries of innocent people
  • Political and civil policy in the region
  • Identification and arrest of some of the leaders of the rebellion
  • The prominence of events in Mesopotamia in the British press
  • The question of disarming the tribes following the suppression of the rebellion.

Principal correspondents include officials at: the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. ; the Office of the Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia (from November 1920, the High Commissioner); the War Office; General Headquarters of the military in Mesopotamia; and the Government of India, Foreign and Political and Army departments.

The volume contains cuttings from several publications, including: The Times , The Statesman , The Observer , The Daily Herald , The Daily Mail , The Baghdad Times , and The Near East .

The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence. A second divider is included, for File 4722/1918 Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’. This was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).

Extent and format
1 volume (491 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is arranged in approximate chronological order, from the rear to the front.

The subject 4722 (Mesopotamia) consists of ten volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/755-764. The volumes are divided into twelve parts, with parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 comprising one volume each. Part 10 is missing. Part 7, entitled ‘Mesopotamia: Sir A. Wilson’s invitation to Syrian Baghdadis’, was transferred to File 5268/20 Parts 1 and 2 (see IOR/L/PS/10/913).

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly, f 89a.

Written in
English in Latin script
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File 4722/1918 Pt 8 'Mesopotamia: Situation' [‎214r] (438/995), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/761, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100137804987.0x000027> [accessed 9 June 2026]

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