'Military Report on Iraq. Area 2 (Upper Euphrates)' [‎27v] (59/140)

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The former followed on the heels of the latter into Hamad.
The Fad’an and the Hasanah pushed the Shammar before
them across the Euphrates and established themselves on the
northern steppes, which are less arid than the wastes of Central
Arabia.
The Amarat, Wulud Ali and Saba’ seem to have come next,
and towards the end of the eighteenth century the Ruwallah.
Their herds have flourished in a climate more beneficent
than that which they left. The most famous stocks of horses
and the greatest number of camels are found amongst the
Northern Anizah. Their camel herds are estimated at 600,000
head in all, and supply the markets of Egypt, Syria and Meso
potamia. Badawin of the purest blood and tradition, the
Anizah remained entirely beyond the control of the Turkish
Government, and except for a few palm gardens on the Lower
Euphrates and a village near Damascus, their Shaikhs have
given no pledge to civilisation and established order by the
acquisition of settled land, nor is any part of the Hamad
ploughed and harvested.
Their geographical position gives them the command of
the main trade route between Syria and Mesopotamia, and at
the same time compels them to keep on good terms with those
who control their commercial markets, f.e., the larger towns
on both edges of the Syrian desert.
The Anizah are hereditary foes of the Shammar, and the
history of northern nomad Arabia for the last 150 years has
been dominated by the feuds of these two tribal confederations.
Amarat.
(Fahad Beg Ibn Hadhdhal.)
The Amarat range the eastern portion of the Hamad from
west of Najaf to Dair-al-Zor. In early spring they are usually
in the wide depression known as ’A1 Ga’rah round Bir Mulussa,
80 miles south-west of Albu Kama!. In summer they go to the
Euphrates between Ramadi and Dair-al-Zor. In autumn they
usually camp on the edge of the desert west of Karbala in the
vicinity of Shifathah and Rahhaliyah.
They number some 4,500 tents and 5,000 rifles.
Fahad Beg entered into alliance with the Britislf after the
fall of Baghdad in 1917, and has been consistently friendly
ever since. He owns an estate at Razarah, 15 miles north
west of Karbala. He is now a very old man, but still has a
great reputation in the desert. He cordially dislikes the
Turks. His son Mahrut manages the active affairs of the tribe.
The Amarat are friendly with the Dulaim and bitter enemies
of the Shammar Jarba of the Jazirah and of the Southern